英文学习中，语法学习比增加词汇量要简单得多。很多考生在学习了写作框架，积累了一肚子词汇与表达之后，还有可能栽倒在语法上。因为考官更在乎考生是否可以将观点表达清楚，而不在乎考生能否罗列一堆复杂的近义词。如果出现大量的语法错误或大量使用不当的单词，那么在很大程度上会影响考官对考生试卷的印象，分数也会不理想。

托福语法学习主要有两种途径：一是识别常见语法错误，在写作中加以避免；二是理解句子的成分和结构，从而写出正确的句子。基于上千考生写作，诺诺总结了以下托福写作中常见的常见语法错误，包括句子不完整、不一致、词性误用等等。并对其进行了简要分析。托福写作提升，从减少或杜绝各种错误开始。

1、不一致

所谓“不一致”，不仅指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致(单复数问题)、时态不一致(时态混用)及代词不一致(指代不明)等。大家不要认为这很简单，其实写作中犯错的时候，可能自己还没发现。

例：When one have money, he can do what he want to.

剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ;同理，want应改为wants。改为：When one has money, he can do what he wants to.

2、句子不完整

A. 一个简单句有两个基本成分：主语和谓语动词，两者缺一不可。

例：In China has more than 100 million subscribers to cable television. (错误，in china为介宾短语，不能充当主语。)

例：China has more than 100 million subscribers to cable television. (正确，中国有超过一亿的有线电视用户。)

如果句子中有从句，也要保证从句的完整性。

Eg. Those who overweight or indulge in unhealthy diets are candidates for heart attacks. (错误，overweight是形容词，前面缺少一个系动词。)

Those who are overweight or indulge in unhealthy diets are candidates for heart attacks. (正确，那些体重过重或者喜欢不健康饮食的人是心脏病的潜在患者。)

介词后面一定要加名词/代词或者从句作宾语。

Eg. A marked character of cooperative learning is that personal success only springs from.(from是介词，后面要加宾语)

A marked character of cooperative learning is that personal success only springs from team success.（正确，合作学习的一个显著特征是个人的成功只能源于团队成功）

一般情况下比较级后面要加than,并清晰指明对象。

Eg. Divorce is more common. (错误，缺少than及比较的对象)

Divorce is more common than it was one generation ago. (正确，现在，离婚现象比上一代要普遍)

3、句子成分多余

A. 一个简单句通常只有一个主语，如果主语超过一个，要使用连词构成并列主语

例：Smoking，drinking are banned in many places of work.（错误）

Smoking and drinking are banned in many places of work.（正确）

如果一个句子中出现多个谓语动词，要使用连词连接构成并列动词，或者在一些句子中使用关系代词构成复合句。有一些动词后面可以跟动词作宾语或者宾语补足语。

例：It is unclear recycling can help control pollution.

剖析：错误。出现is和can help两个谓语动词，根据句意它们之间需要加连接词构成复合句。应改为：It is unclear whether recycling can help control pollution.

如果一个句子出现多个宾语，一般要使用连词连接构成并列宾语。但是也有一些动词，如give、offer等可以跟双宾语。

例：More people would prefer cycling,walking if conditions were right.

剖析：错误。Cycling 和walking 都是宾语，应该用连词。应改为：More people would prefer cycling or walking if conditions were right.

如果出现两个句子，中间除了用加连词这种方法之外，还可以用标点符号分割，比如用句号或者分号。句号和分号在语法上有连词的功能，其前后要有完整的句子；而逗号、括号则不能够连接完整的句子

例：Education has been made available to more people nowadays, however, many adults have some problems with literacy and numeracy.

剖析：错误，however 是副词，不是连词，其前后都是完整的句子，不能用逗号隔开。应改为：Education has been made available to more people nowadays; however, many adults have some problems with literacy and numeracy.(正确)

4、悬垂修饰语

所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系。

例1：At the age of ten, my grandfather died.

剖析：这句中“at the age of ten”只点出十岁，但没有说明“谁”是十岁。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather，如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了。所以改为：When I was ten,my grandfather died。

例2:To do well in college，good grades are essential.

剖析：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚,应改为：To do well in college，a student needs good grades.

4、词性误用

“词性误用”常表现为介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等。

例1. None can negative the importance of money.

剖析：negative 是形容词，误作动词。应该改为：None can deny the importance of money.

例2.One possible solution is using the new energy to instead of the traditional energy.

剖析：Instead of是介词，而这里构成to do(不定式)，只能用动词。因此，可改为：One possible solution is using the new energy to replace the traditional energy.

5、指代不清

指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。

例：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.

剖析：读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.

6、不间断句子

简单来说，不间断句子里容易出现的错误是同时出现不止一个动词，造成原文表意混乱。

例: There are many ways we get to know the outside world.

剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways” 以及“We get to know the outside world”,简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。应该改为：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.

7、措词毛病

考生们平时在措辞方面花的时间往往其有限，他们往往是根据汉语意思直译。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。

例: The increasing use of chemical substances in agriculture also makes pollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)

剖析：“the increasing use”不地道，应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。

8、累赘

言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。

例：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.

剖析：本句的“the fact that he is lazy”是同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”的原则，可以改为：In spite of his laziness，I like him.

9、双谓语错句

例：For those under 26， there were 80% students study for career.

剖析：There be句型属于双谓语错句高发句型，因为句中的be动词已经是谓语，而句子后面的动词通常是定语从句中的成分，故不能作为主句中的谓语。例句中同时出现了“were”和“study”，根据上面的分析，were应该是谓语，而study for career应该是定语从句，因此，例句应修正改成：

For those under 26， there were 80% students who studied for career. 或者For those under 26， there were 80% students studying for career.

10、主系表结构使用错误

例：We are impossible to make any progress without correcting the mistakes.

剖析：此句的主干结构是：we are impossible“我们是不可能”，表意不对。这种表达在英语中对应的句型是：It is…for…to…， 所以应该改成：

It is impossible for us to make any progress without correcting the mistakes.

11、情态动词后的动词原形和动名词的使用出错

例：Another equally vital point to be considered is that building them may costs much money and energy.

这种错误可能是笔误，在托福作文中偶尔出现不至于扣分，但是通篇都是这样的错误，那么肯定是有影响的。

例：Another point to be discussed is that more time spending on computers is harmful to children’s mental health.

“花更多时间在电脑上”这个动词短语作为主语应该要用动名词形式：

Another point to be discussed is that spending more time on computers is harmful to children’s mental health.

12、从句的误用和滥用

例：The reason why I assert it is necessary for government to provide better education and health care for rural areas because it can ensure all citizens to have access to them.

“why…rural areas”在句中作the reason的定语，固定句式“the reason why…is that…”why引导的定语从句和that引导的表语从句连用，气势磅礴，这就是所谓的高分句型。此题主句结构不完整，应该改为The reason why I assert it is necessary for government to provide better education and health care for rural areas is that it can ensure all citizens to have access to them.

以上就是托福写作一些常见的语法错误小结，希望对大家的备考有帮助。世诺留学提供免费的托福作文精批，欢迎来电，0710-3317171，13396111169（顾问QQ：181265991，微信：13871737083）。关注官方微信公众号“世诺留学”、新浪微博“世诺留学”，每天获取出国留学、英语学习干货。