2024.12.28 考题分析

教授：所有的科学发现是否都应该分享？

Kelly：不是。

Andrew：是。

Doctor Achebe: This week's course material will focus on scientific discoveries. While scientific researchers usually prefer to share what they learn with other scientists, many businesses and governments keep certain scientific discoveries secret. Some people believe that all scientific findings should be shared freely among scientists all around the world and that governments and businesses should not keep any discoveries secret. What do you believe and why?

Kelly: I don't think all discoveries should be shared. Businesses, for example, often spend a lot of money on scientific research in order to make a discovery that can lead to profit. Even if that discovery benefits everyone, the business has a right to keep the discovery secret so that it can develop a profitable product from the research.

Andrew: Sharing knowledge is crucially important to most scientists. Scientists usually publish the details of their discoveries in scientific journals, which means that everyone can see what the scientists have accomplished. Being recognized as the person who made a discovery is the biggest reward for any scientist. When scientists keep their discoveries secret, they lose that recognition. That is very unsatisfying.

破题

这道题目重复2023.10.22的考题，是经典难题，问的是科学发展是否要全部分享出去。

这类题看起来很难，因为讨论的话题比较宏观，离我们的日常生活较远。但其实这种题里面通常都有all, must, every, the most…等绝对词，而这种绝对化的表述就很容易有漏洞，我们只要能罗列出反例，就可以讲清楚了~

比如这道题里教授说到all scientific findings should be shared freely among scientists all around，这里的all和freely, all around，都是非常绝对的表达。我们可以思考的角度就是身边有没有哪些科学发现（不管是科学界还是商界）如果都分享出去，其实是不太合适的？

这时应该就能想到一些危险性极大或者不利的，比如核武器，比如生化武器，比如一些还没有研究成型的结果，比如商业里的秘密配方，等等。有了这些具体的例子，这种题其实就不难回答了。

当然，绝对词题也是可以同意的，只要能讲到一个更为普遍性的强有力的好处，而且也能有具体理由例子佐证，就没有问题~

一、disagree

【绝对词思路】

1. 让步，很多科学研究确实共享会带来很多好处。但不是所有的都应该共享。

2. 有些科学研究共享后，会威胁到国家安全。

3. 商业研究结果共享会破坏公司利益。

4. 多年研究的结果被直接共享，会降低研究者们研究的动力。

二、agree

1. 科学家们共享科学研究，可以有效加快整体人类的进步。

2. 科学家们共享科学研究，可以避免很多无用的时间浪费。

3. 科学家们共享科学研究，可以激发更多的创新。

4. 当代世界面对的难题很难，非常需要科学家们合作共享。e.g. 新冠疫苗

5. 科学家们而不是普罗大众的研究共享，不会带来安全问题等。

6. 科学家们的收益更多来源于政府支持，所以不会因为共享而受影响。

参考思路

立场：should not be shared to all

In my view, Kelly is correct in asserting that sharing business secrets with competitors can lead to significant revenue loss. （同意Kelly观点） This is evident in the case of Coca-Cola. While there are many circulating recipes online and other companies have produced similar cola beverages, as a fan of Coca-Cola, I can always taste the difference between Coke and others. For me, Coke usually has more bubbles and is less sweet, with a flavor similar to vanilla, whereas most others like Pepsi taste sweeter and more syrup-like. This subtle yet crucial distinction has enabled Coca-Cola to maintain its market dominance for decades. In essence, this principle extends to high-tech discoveries, where safeguarding proprietary knowledge is vital for retaining customers. （给出具体例子）

On the other hand, Andrew's argument for scientists' satisfaction in sharing discoveries neglects the potential harm to society. （驳斥Andrew观点）Consider the case of nuclear weapons: currently, no responsible scientist shares this technology with the world. The reason is straightforward - the fear of allowing such technology to fall into the hands of terrorists, which could result in unforeseeable dangers to our entire planet.（给出例子）

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